July 18 Totally Explained

Everything about 18 July totally explained

Events

390 BC - Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia - A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.
64 - Great fire of Rome: A fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control while Emperor Nero reportedly plays his lyre and sings while watching the blaze from a safe distance.
1334 - The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundational stone laid for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
1656 - Polish-Lithuanian forces clashes with Sweden and its Brandenburg allies in the start of what is to be known as The Battle of Warsaw which ends in a decisive Swedish victory.
1857 - Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war on the French.
1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Fort Wagner/Morris Island - The first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held Battery Wagner but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war.
1914 - The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, this gives definite status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time.
1925 - Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.
1942 - World War II: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jets for the first time.
1944 - World War II: Hideki Tojo resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort.
1965 - Zond 3 launched.
1966 - Gemini 10 launched.
1969 - After a party on Chappaquiddick Island, Senator Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts drives an Oldsmobile off a wooden bridge into a tide-swept pond and his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, dies.
1982 - 268 campesinos ("peasants" or "country people") are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre in Ríos Montt's Guatemala.
1984 - McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: In a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty opens fire, killing 21 people and injuring 19 others before being shot dead by police.
1986 - A tornado is broadcast live on KARE television in Minnesota when the station's helicopter pilot makes a chance encounter.
1992 - The ten victims of the La Cantuta massacre disappeared from their university in Lima.
1995 - On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufriere Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital and forcing most of the population to flee.
1996 - Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River, beginning one of Québec's costliest natural disasters ever.

Births

1501 - Isabella of Burgundy, wife of Christian II of Denmark (d. 1526)

1504 - Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss religious reformer (d. 1575)

1552 - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612)

1634 - Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695)

1635 - Robert Hooke, English scientist (d. 1703)

1670 - Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (d. 1747)

1718 - Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (d. 1808)

1720 - Gilbert White, English ornithologist (d. 1793)

1797 - Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher (d. 1879)

1811 - William Makepeace Thackeray, English author (d. 1863)

1818 - Louis De Geer, 1st Swedish Prime Minister (d. 1896)

1821 - Pauline Garcia-Viardot, French mezzo-soprano and composer (d. 1910)

1837 - Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1873)

1845 - Tristan Corbière, French poet (d. 1875)

1848 - W. G. Grace, English cricketer (d. 1915)

1850 - Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (d. 1939)

1853 - Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)

1862 - Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich, Russian general (d. 1933)

1864 - Phillip Snowden, British politician (d. 1937)

1867 - Margaret Brown, The Unsinkable Molly Brown, Titanic survivor (d. 1932)

1871 - Sada Yacco, Japanese stage actress (d. 1946)

1881 - Larry McLean, baseball player (d. 1921)

1884 - Alberto di Jorio, former head of the Vatican Bank and secretary of the 1958 conclave (d. 1979)

1887 - Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian soldier, politician and convicted traitor (d. 1945, by execution)

1890 - Frank Forde, 15th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983)

1892 - Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian football player (d. 1969)

1895 - George Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (d. 1954)

1897 - E. A. D. Eldridge, British racing driver (d. 1935)

1900 - Nathalie Sarraute, French writer (d. 1999)

1902 - Jessamyn West, American writer (d. 1984)

1903 - Chill Wills, American actor (d. 1978)

1906 - S. I. Hayakawa, American semanticist and politician (d. 1992)

1906 - Clifford Odets, American writer (d. 1963)

1908 - Lupe Vélez, Mexican actress (d. 1944)

1909 - Andrei Gromyko, Soviet diplomat and President (d. 1989)

1909 - Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (d. 1978)

1909 - Harriet Nelson, American singer and actress (d. 1994)

1911 - Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (d. 2003)

1913 - Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (d. 1997)

1914 - Gino Bartali, Italian cyclist (d. 2000)

1916 - Johnny Hopp, baseball player (d. 2003)

1917 - Henri Salvador, French singer (d. 2008)

1918 - Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa, Nobel Peace Prize laureate

1920 - Eric Brandon, British racing driver (d. 1982)

1921 - John Glenn, Mercury Seven astronaut and United States Senator from Ohio

1922 - Thomas Kuhn, American philosopher (d. 1996)

1923 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)

1924 - Inge Sørensen, Danish swimmer

1925 - Shirley Strickland, Australian athlete (d. 2004)

1926 - Robert Sloman, writer (d. 2005)

1927 - Kurt Masur, Silesian-born conductor

1929 - Dick Button, American figure skater

1929 - Screamin' Jay Hawkins, American singer (d. 2000)

1930 - Burt Kwouk, English actor

1933 - Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet

1933 - Syd Mead, American industrial and conceptual designer

1933 - Jean Yanne, French film actor and director (d. 2003)

1934 - Darlene Conley, American actress (d. 2007)

1934 - Roger Reynolds, American composer and teacher

1935 - Jayendra Saraswathi, Hindu religious leader

1936 - Ted Harris, Canadian ice hockey player

1937 - Roald Hoffman, Polish-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

1937 - Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2005)

1938 - Paul Verhoeven, Dutch film director

1938 - Ian Stewart, Scottish pianist formerly a member of The Rolling Stones (d. 1985)

1939 - Dion DiMucci, American singer

1939 - Brian Auger, British musician

1939 - Edward Gramlich, American economics professor (d. 2007)

1939 - Jerry Moore, American football coach

1940 - James Brolin, American actor

1940 - Joe Torre, American baseball player and manager

1941 - Frank Farian, German music producer

1941 - Lonnie Mack, American guitarist and singer

1941 - Martha Reeves, American singer

1942 - Adolf Ogi, member of the Swiss Federal Council

1942 - Bobby Susser, American songwriter and record producer

1942 - Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (d. 2006)

1946 - Leo Madder, Belgian actor

1947 - Steve Forbes, American entrepreneur and politician

1947 - Steven W. Mahoney, Canadian politician

1948 - Hartmut Michel, German chemist, Nobel laureate

1950 - Jerome Barkum, former National Football League player

1950 - Sir Richard Branson, British entrepreneur

1950 - Jack Layton, Canadian politician

1950 - Kostas Eleftherakis, Greek footballer

1951 - Elio Di Rupo, Belgian politician

1954 - Ricky Skaggs, American country/bluegrass musician

1955 - Bernd Fasching, Austrian painter and sculptor

1956 - Razor Shines, Major and Minor league baseball player, manager and coach

1957 - Nick Faldo, English golfer

1960 - Anne-Marie Johnson, American actress

1961 - Elizabeth McGovern, American-born actress

1962 - Lee Arenberg, American actor

1962 - Jack Irons, American drummer (Pearl Jam, Red Hot Chili Peppers)

1963 - Martín Torrijos Espino, President of Panama

1963 - Mike Greenwell, baseball player

1963 - Al Snow, American professional wrestler

1964 - Wendy Williams, radio host

1966 - Lori Alan, American actress

1967 - Vin Diesel, American actor

1969 - Masanori Murakawa, Japanese professional wrestler

1971 - Penny Hardaway, American basketball player

1974 - Alan Morrison, British poet

1975 - Torii Hunter, baseball player

1975 - Daron Malakian, American guitarist (System of a Down)

1976 - Elsa Pataky, Spanish actress

1977 - Dylan Lane, American television host

1977 - Alfian bin Sa'at, Singaporean writer, poet and playwright

1978 - Shane Horgan, Irish rugby player

1978 - Ben Sheets, American baseball player

1978 - Mélissa Theuriau, French newscaster

1978 - Verónica Romeo, Spanish singer

1979 - Rick Baxter, American politician

1979 - Deion Branch, football player

1979 - Jared Hess, American film director and screenwriter, (Napoleon Dynamite)

1979 - Joey Mercury, American professional wrestler

1979 - Jermaine Paul, American musician

1980 - Kristen Bell, American actress

1982 - Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress and Miss World 2000

1982 - Ryan Cabrera, American musician and TV host

1985 - Chace Crawford, American actor

1998 - Nixzmary Brown, child abuse victim (d. 2006)

Deaths

1100 - Godfrey of Bouillon, Protector of the Holy Sepulcher, de facto King of Jerusalem

1488 - Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432)

1591 - Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550)

1608 - Joachim Friedrich, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1546)

1610 - Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian artist (b. 1573)

1639 - Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (b. 1604)

1695 - Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)

1698 - Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (b. 1633)

1721 - Antoine Watteau, French painter (b. 1684)

1730 - François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, French soldier (b. 1644)

1792 - John Paul Jones, American naval commander (b. 1747)

1817 - Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775)

1863 - Robert Gould Shaw, American military officer (b. 1837)

1872 - Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (b. 1806)

1884 - Ferdinand von Hochstetter, Austrian geologist (b. 1829)

1892 - Thomas Cook, English travel agent (b. 1808)

1899 - Horatio Alger, Jr., American writer (b. 1832)

1916 - Benjamin C. Truman, American journalist and author

1918 - Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna (b. 1864)

1925 - Louis Nazaire Bégin, Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1840)

1937 - Julian Bell, British poet, killed in the Spanish Civil War (b. 1908)

1944 - Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet, author and artist (b. 1870)

1948 - Herman Gummerus, Finnish historian and politician (b. 1877)

1949 - Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer (b. 1870)

1952 - Paul Saintenoy, Belgian architect (b. 1862)

1953 - Lucy Booth, Daughter of William and Catherine Booth (b. 1868)

1954 - George Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (b. 1895)

1966 - Bobby Fuller, American rock singer and guitarist (b. 1942)

1968 - Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)

1969 - Mary Jo Kopechne, American Robert F. Kennedy campaign worker (b. 1940)

1973 - Jack Hawkins, English film actor (b. 1910)

1982 - Lionel Daunais, French-Canadian singer and composer (b. 1902)

1985 - Shahnawaz Bhutto, son of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto

1988 - Nico, German-born model and singer (b. 1938)

1989 - Donnie Moore, baseball player (suicide) (b. 1954)

1990 - Yoon Boseon, President of South Korea (b. 1897)

1990 - Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist (b. 1896)

1990 - Gerry Boulet, Quebec rock singer (b. 1946)

1990 - Johnny Wayne, Canadian comedian (b. 1918)

1995 - Fabio Casartelli, Italian cyclist (b. 1970)

1997 - Eugene Merle Shoemaker, American astronomer (b. 1928)

2001 - James Hatfield, American author (b. 1958)

2001 - Fabio Taglioni, Italian automotive engineer (b. 1920)

2002 - Victor Emery, British theoretical physicist (b. 1933)

2004 - Paul Foot, British journalist (b. 1937)

2004 - Émile Peynaud, French oenologist (b. 1912)

2005 - William Westmoreland, U.S. Army general (b. 1914)

2005 - Bill Hicke, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1938)

2007 - George Caiazzo, American professional wrestler

2007 - Jerry Hadley, American opera singer, (b. 1952)

2007 - Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese communist politician (b. 1908)

Holidays and observances

Uruguay - Constitution Day

Saint Marina

Saint Symphorosa

Saint ThenevaFurther Information

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